JAMA Study: Breastfeeding Linked to Improved Child Development
Evidence for Neurodevelopmental Benefits Strengthened by Robust Study Design
A recent JAMA Network Open study examining 570,532 children in Israel found that breastfeeding for at least 6 months was associated with reduced odds of developmental delays and neurodevelopmental conditions. The research, which controlled for numerous potential confounding factors, showed that exclusive breastfeeding for 6+ months had the strongest association with positive outcomes (AOR 0.73), while any breastfeeding for 6+ months also showed benefits (AOR 0.86). The study used both between-family comparisons and within-family sibling analyses, with the latter showing children breastfed for at least 6 months were less likely to demonstrate milestone delays compared to their siblings with less breastfeeding exposure. The researchers concluded these findings support current infant feeding recommendations.
Commentary as an ObGyn
As an ObGyn, I find this large cohort study particularly compelling because it addresses the methodological limitations of previous research through its robust design and multiple analytical approaches. The sibling analysis is especially valuable as it helps control for unmeasured family factors that often confound breastfeeding studies. This evidence strengthens our ability to counsel patients about the potential neurodevelopmental benefits of breastfeeding, beyond the already well-established immunological advantages. While we must continue to support all feeding choices without judgment, this research underscores the importance of removing societal barriers to breastfeeding through improved parental leave policies and workplace accommodations.
The study's findings align with WHO recommendations of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary foods for up to 2 years or beyond, with developmental benefits appearing to plateau after 10-12 months of breastfeeding.